Management strategy and policy research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

The executives system and strategy - Research Paper Example The net income of the organization in the money related year 2011 was $701.29 million, which mirrors a mirroring a solid monetary circumstance of the organization. Aramex is a traded on an open market business entity enlisted under United Arab Emirates laws and its offers are exchanged Dubai budgetary market. The organization is presently headquartered at Amman, Jordan and has its business wings spread everywhere throughout the world. The authoritative structure of the organization is all around characterized and is overseen along two tracks - 1) by administration 2) geologically, with the assistance of, nation supervisors, local ranking directors and cross?functional country?based‘Aramexteams’ that is giving harmonization of all Aramex benefits on an altered premise to Aramex clients (â€Å"About Aramex†). The hierarchical structure of the organization is introduced beneath: - Organizational structure of Aramex and how it impacts the plan and execution of Strateg y Figure 1 †Corporate administration Structure of Aramex (Source: Aramex, â€Å"Sustainability Report 2006† 8) The above diagram plainly focuses about the offices or divisions of the association. Likewise, the graph additionally reveals insight into the way Aramex is doing and dealing with its business capacities. By and by the organization has 4 significant offices to be specific showcasing, IT (data innovation), money and the tasks divisions. Every one of the divisions is being going by the VP’s (Vice Presidents). From the hierarchical diagram it has likewise seen that the organization has named VP’s in various area. The vast majority of them are liable for dealing with the activity of the distributed zones. The structure followed by the organization is in this manner plainly divisional structure. Be that as it may, these VP’s don't answer to any of the departmental heads, rather they straightforwardly reports to the CEO of the organization. Aside from them, different business heads, for example, the central innovation official, head promoting official, bunch money related controller, Sr. VP account and CFO, VP coordinations and ground activity, Sr. VP freight, VP express, boss system office, VP, just as the in front overseeing executive. Consequently, clearly the organization has had the option to smooth out its business procedure with this hierarchical course of action. In actuality, if the course of action wouldn’t have been proper the exhibition of the organization made certain to be adversely affected. In any case, the monetary aftereffects of the organization plainly brings up that the organization is doing admirably in the commercial center. The level and decentralized administration structure of the association is one of the key drivers of progress for the organization. The basic and adaptable structure of the association has permitted them to enable the representatives of the association and furthermore settle on choice relating to the improvement of the company’s administration contributions regardless of the area of the association and the level at which they are working (Aramex, â€Å"the time of entrepreneur† 4). In any case, various investigations uncover that the authoritative structure strongly affects the plan, definition and execution of the hierarchical systems. Hierarchical methodology and structure are profoundly related as the authoritative system of an organization encourages them to portray, recognize and assemble the hierarchical structure. This is the motivation behind why the authoritative structure of an organization depends on the result of the examination of the

Galileo essays

Galileo expositions Galileo Galilei was conceived on February 15, 1564, in Pisa, Italy. Galileo was the first of seven offspring of Vincenzio Galilei, a broker and Giula Ammannati, a privileged lady who wedded beneath her group. At the point when Galileo was a little fellow, his dad moved the family moved to Florence. Galileo moved into a close by religious community with the expectations of turning into a priest, however he left the cloister when he was 15 since his dad objected to his child turning into a priest. In November of 1581, Vincenzio Galilei had Galileo taken a crack at the University of Pisa School of Medicine since he needed his child to turn into a specialist to carry on the family fortune. Vincenzio imagined that Galileo ought to have the option to accommodate the family when he passed on, and his sister would require an endowment soon. Galileo had different plans, and in mid 1583 he started investing his energy with the science educators rather than the clinical ones. At the point when his dad scholarly of this, he was incensed and voyage 60 miles from Florence to Pisa just to defy his child with the information that he had been dismissing his investigations. The amazing duke's mathematician mediated and convinced Vincenzio to permit Galileo to consider arithmetic depending on the prerequisite that following one year, the entirety of Galileo's help would be cut off and he was all alone. In the spring of 1585, Galileo avoided his end of the year tests and left the college without a degree. He started looking for some kind of employment as a math mentor. In November of 1589, Galileo found a situation as a teacher of science at the college of Pisa, a similar one he had left without a degree four years prior. Galileo was a splendid educator, yet his extreme perspectives and open analysis of Aristotle's lessons were not satisfactory to different teachers at the college. They felt that he was excessively radical and that his lessons were not appropriate. In 1592, his three-year contract was not reestablished. 1n 1592, he found work showing arithmetic at the Univer... <! Galileo expositions Since (as I accept) the assessment of Copernicus that Venus spins about the sun is right, obviously she would fundamentally be seen by us some of the time horned and in some cases not, in spite of the fact that the said planet is at equivalent good ways from the Sun, at those occasions, that is, the point at which the littleness of the horns and the radiation of beams don't block the perceptions of this distinction. (Van Helden, pg. 106.) This is from a letter that Galileo Galilei composed, that was in his book The Sidereal Messenger, to Benedetto Castelli. This leads into the work, Galileos Daughter by Dava Sobel, where Galileos learned disclosures were not seen as positive as history has demonstrated them to be. In the event that Galileo had assaulted some individual mastermind for is lacking contentions for the steadiness of the earth, we may in any case put a positive development on his test however as he proclaims war on everyone and sees as mental smaller people all who are not Pythagorean or Copernican, it is clear enough what he has as a primary concern. (Sobel, Dava pg. 256) This announcement by the Jesuit specialist, Melchior Inchofer, shows what Galileo was facing in his day and age. The Copernican thought of the Earth was the focal point of the universe was accepted by the vast majority of the individuals on the planet. Galileo had seen the rings of Saturn, which he mistakenly accepted them to confirm Saturn's being as three stars in succession, as opposed to a planet. He at that point found that Venus, similar to the moon, experienced stages; this gave key proof to the Heliocentric framework, since it suggested that Venus circled the sun similarly as the moon circled the earth. Ga lileo found the presence of sunspots, by outlining them over a time of months, he reasoned that the sun really turned. These perceptions are proof for the unbelieved thought of the Heliocentric hypothesis. In Galileos Daughter it is clear that the congregation doesn't concur with his perspectives on the ... <! Galileo articles Galileo is known as sciences most sensational character. He is known as an agitator scholar who upheld free however in a nation where singular assessment was hated. He faced position and convention by placing his convictions in his logical work before those of religion. His idea of addressing and looking for reality prompted numerous revelations, for example, the isochronism of the pendulum, disliking the acknowledged Aristotelian idea of the fall of loads, development of the telescope which was an unquestionably progressively amazing instrument that anybody had ever observed and through it he found satellites of Jupiter just as numerous others....... Conceived of an in Pisa, Tuscan on February 15, 1564, Galileo was the most established child of Vincenzio Galilei. (Book Galileo, page 59) When he was a little youngster his family moved to Florence where he got his initial training in a close by religious community. At that point in 1581 he was sent to the University of Pisa to examine medication. Galileo had little enthusiasm for medication and discovered his classes exhausting. Be that as it may, his dynamic and inquisitive psyche drove him into the universe of science. He was sitting in the house of prayer at Pis while the lights were being lit. He saw that the lights were swinging and some had more extensive circular segments then others. He expected that the lights with the more extensive swings would require additional time so he coordinated them by the beat of his heartbeat and found that all the swings took a similar time. The light was acting like a pendulum and these perceptions indicated that any pendulum should in this w ay be isochronous, playing out all swings in equivalent occasions. He likewise suggested his discoveries about pendulums to develop a planning counsel. What was most significant is that Galileo had set a mind-blowing example. A straightforward perception drove him to questions and trials which prompted new information and applications. The primary indication of him being a revolutionary was demonstrated when he chose to leave clinical school without a degree and come back to Florence against his father&... <! galileo expositions Galileo was an Italian physicist and cosmologist who with the German stargazer Johannes kelper started the logical insurgency that started crafted by Sir Isaac Newton. Galileos primary intrigue was stargazing he utilized the telescope which he imagined utilizing optic focal points to see sunspots on the sun loonier mountains and valleys the four biggest satellites of Jupiter and the periods of Venus. He additionally found the laws of falling articles and the movement of moving shots. At Padua Galileo concocted an ascertaining compass for the down to earth arrangement of scientific issues. He utilized his investigations of material science and estimation to find the law of falling items and the manner in which shots move. He additionally considered pendulums he was sitting in a room one day and was viewing a pendulum swing to and fro and he found that the planning of the swings was the equivalent each time this hypothesis that he found is currently utilized in a well known innovation called the clock. Right now he indicated next to no enthusiasm for stargazing in spite of the fact that he built up the hypothesis that the earth rotates around the sun. In 1609 Galileo knew about the main government agent glass that was created in Holland. So Galileo gave a telescope about a similar intensity of an advanced field glass. By December of 1609 Galileo had assembled a telescope of multiple times the amplification with which he found mountains and cavities on the moon. He additionally observed that the Milky Way was comprised of stars and he finds the four biggest satellites of Jupiter. He distributed these discoveries in March 1610 in the brilliant Messenger. The more that Galileo watched our universe through his telescope the more he understood he at last arrived at the resolution that the sun was not the focal point of the universe the earth was and in light of the fact that he conflicted with the Rome catholic church in saying this he was condemned to life in jail. ... <! Galileo papers Galileo Galilee was conceived in the Renaissance time. He was brought into the world close to Pisa, Italy on February 15, 1564 and passed on January 8, 1642 in Arcetr. He was taught at the University of Pisa. Galileo was an arithmetic educator and a researcher. He achieved much in the course of his life. Galileo went to the University of Pisa for a long time. He concentrated on clinical investigations. Galileos father, Vincenzo Galilee needed him to be a specialist; Galileo didn't. In 1585, Galileo didnt need to concentrate to be a specialist any more. He convinced his dad to let him leave the college. Galileo was progressively inspired by science, than medication. He demonstrated assurance by comprehending what he needed to do with his life. During the four years Galileo was being mentored in science, he addressed logical idea and Aristotles theory. While Galileo was being coached he likewise addressed hydrostatic parity. In 1589 Galileo was designated an arithmetic educator at the University of Pudua. There he went through the following 18 years of his life. Galileo wasnt the sort of individual hesitant to pose inquiries. He was really a daring person. In 1633 Galileo was detained for life for Vehement doubt of blasphemy. While he was in jail he composed several books. The first, which was restricted by the congregation, was distributed in 1637, it was called, The Dialog Concerning the Two Chief System. His next book was distributed one year later. The congregation additionally restricted it. It was named, The Discourse On Two New Sciences. These books were prohibited in light of the fact that they couldn't help contradicting what the congregation educated. That demonstrated his mastery, and insight. Galileo was in reality a legend of the Renaissance. He fabricated a telescope more grounded than at any other time. He constructed everything while he was instructing. He additionally scrutinized a huge numbers of the places of worship lessons. On the off chance that the congregation had realized he concurred with the Copernican hypothesis he would have been murdered. Galileo was a genuine legend. ... <! galileo papers Galileo Galilei was conceived in Pisa, Tuscany in 1564 and was the child of Florentine performer Vincenzo Galilei. Galileo was an extremely smart kid and at age 17, due to

Diversification in Stock Portfolios Example

Diversification in Stock Portfolios Example Diversification in Stock Portfolios â€" Speech or Presentation Example > Diversification in Stock Portfolios Table of Contents Problem 20 A risk-averse investor is one who, when given a choice of two investment options with similar expected return, would have a preference for the option which has comparative lower risk. In this case, a risk-averse investor is given two completely different economies as options and has a choice of investing in either of the two economies. The two economies have identical expected return and similar volatility of all the stocks. But in the first economy, each and every one stock move in the same trend, i.e. in good times the price of every stock rises simultaneously and in bad times the price of every stock descend together. On the contrary, in the second economy the price of one stock has no effect on the price of the other and hence the stock returns are independent. Diversification in stock portfolios represents reduction of risk by investing in a variety of stocks. It is a common approach based on the old saying that ‘one should not put all his eggs in a single basket’. An investor who diversifies her assets among numerous investments or stocks can lessen the instability of her portfolio, proviso the stocks are imperfectly correlated (Campbell, 2000). Correlation is an evaluation of how two stocks move in comparison to each other, they are said to be correlated if both of them move in a similar trend. If all the stocks in a particular portfolio shift in a similar direction i. e. when markets are favorable all the stocks show an upward movement and when markets are not favorable all of them show a downward slide; then such a portfolio cannot be considered to be properly diversified. Thus, the mere investment in various stocks does not diversify one’s portfolio; one has to also consider the correlation between the stocks where one’s ass et has been invested. An association between two stocks can be positively correlated, negatively correlated or non-correlated. In some instances, these positive correlations are easily visible, for example in the cases of gasoline and crude oil or silver and gold (Tanous, 2008, p. 48). In such cases, as one market moves, the other has a tendency to move in the same trend. Therefore, diversification would not be accomplished by buying both gold and silver, or gasoline and crude oil. Negatively correlated stocks tend to progress in entirely opposite track, when one moves up, the other moves down. While negative correlations do offer diversification opportunities, they might not be the best strategy to employ  as they tend to neutralize the returns achieved. When looking for diversification prospects, it is significant to focus on stocks that are non-correlated to one another. Such stocks are independent of each other and it is best to hold the stocks that will profit independently (Patel, 2004). The returns on two or more completely correlated stocks would shift toward positive and negative direction together and a portfolio of such stocks would be precisely as risky as the individual specific stocks (Besley Et. Al, 2007, p. 320). Thus, investing in the first economy, where the stocks in the portfolio are inclined to shift in the same way, is not advisable. Investing in stocks that have no correlation to one another can help to reduce risk without compromising on the returns (Patel, 2004, p. 78). Thus, it is advisable to invest in stocks in the second economy. References Besley, S. Et. Al. (2007). Essentials of managerial finance. Cengage Learning. Campbell. J.Y. (2000). Diversification: A Bigger Free Lunch. Harvard University. Retrieved Online on August 03, 2011 from http: //kuznets. fas. harvard. edu/~campbell/papers/diversification. pdf Patel, A. B., (2004). Alpesh B. Patel on Stock Futures: Strategies for Profiting from Stock Futures. Harriman House Limited. Tanous, P., (2008). Kiplingers Build a Winning Portfolio: Investment Strategies for Reaching Your Financial Goals. Kaplan Publishing

Cell Phone Addiction Essay - 1429 Words

The cell phone has become a centerpiece of everyday life as cell phones are evolving and have been increasing their functionalities. Today, we use them today for many others reasons than what cell phones were originally designed to do. People are using them so often that they are becoming dependent on their phones that they have even become addicted to them. Those who are addicted to their cell phones struggle to stay away from them for a certain period of time and become so indulged in all of the unique things they can provide. With cell phone addiction comes many problems or issues that can occur in an individual’s life. Cell phone addiction has lead to differences in people mentally, physically, and behaviorally. Cell phone addiction†¦show more content†¦Luigi Gallimberti, et. al discusses in their article â€Å"Problematic Cell Phone Use for Text Messaging and Substance Abuse in Early Adolescence (11- to 13-year-olds),† that problematic cell phone use (PCPU), is associated with psychological distress, low self-esteem, depression, drug abuse, insomnia, and thoughts of suicide (356). The overuse of cellphones can really detriment a person mentally and could cause them to arrive at one of these issues stated. An issue also arises when a person with a cell phone addiction is in school. They tend to remain unfocused while on their phones and they don’t participate during class. In a sample, the students who had better test grades were less likely to have a problematic cell phone addiction (Gallimberti, et. al 360). This finding confirms the positive association between cell phone addiction and poor performance in school. In schools, it was concluded that this overuse of cel lphones was positively connected with deficient school performance in teens with an average age of 15.7 years old (Gallimberti, et. al 360). Aviad Hadar studies in his article â€Å"Answering the Missed Call: Initial Exploration of Cognitive and Electrophysiological Changes Associated With Smartphone Use and Abuse† that cell phone addiction was studied to be linked with reduced attention, changes in how someone processes, stores, and applies information about other people and socialShow MoreRelatedAn essay on cell phone addiction.1227 Words   |  5 PagesCell Phones: Addicting or Not? Are we addicted to our cell phones? This is a common question that has arisen in the past several years as our phone technology and capabilities continue to increase. According to recent statistics, 85% of the U.S. population are cell phone users (Chen).We Americans use our cell phones to do just about everything. We talk, text, check our E-mail, surf the Internet, and interact in social networking, all on our phones. Because our phones have become so resourceful toRead MoreCell Phone Addiction Essay990 Words   |  4 Pagescivilization, cell phones are being relied on more by everyone and destroying society and the education of those in school. According to Merriam-Webster dictionary, a cell phone is a wireless portable communication device, but phones are seen as more of an answer to every problem rather than just a communicating device. Cell-phones are the center of todays society, they are relied on for everything from finding the answer to a simple question, to finding the defi nition of a word. Cell phones are seenRead MoreCell Phone Addiction Essay1897 Words   |  8 Pagesof technology has been rapidly increasing since the 1900s. When the cell phone was invented in the 1970s, nobody could have imagined how far they have come. What was once a luxury item is now an item that is rare to not have. With the widespread usage of cell phones comes the problem of addiction. The issue has become so bad scientists have keyed the term â€Å"nomophobia† as the fear of being out of reach of your mobile cell phone and the Internet. The world has slowly became more of an online worldRead MoreArticle Analysis : Cell Phone Use While Walking Across Campus1075 Words   |  5 PagesArticle analysis of Cell Phone Use While Walking Across Campus: An Observation and Survey. An analysis by Morgan Penrose. This essay will identify and summarise the article Cell Phone Use While Walking Across Campus: An Observation and Survey written by Tessa Jones and published by Elon Journal in 2014. It will also discuss the depth of the article by looking at key elements of the essay such as statistics, references, as well as whether or not the essay provides an in-depth analysis of the subjectRead MoreTv Addiction822 Words   |  4 PagesIn her essay, Tv Addiction, Marie Winn compares television addiction to other harmful habits, and tries to convince the reader that heavy television viewing is as harmful as drug and alcohol, and it should not be viewed differently than other serious addictions. In fact, the most important factor that backs up her argument is her simplified definition for the word addiction, which is a tendency to overindulge in some pleasurable activity. (608) However, thinking logically, we could seeRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Society888 Words   |  4 PagesCell phones are one of the numerous technologies that have changed our lives in astounding ways. Similar to any external stimuli, cell phone usage can form an addiction that negatively impacts your life. Two covers for The New Yorker, â€Å"Unmasked† and â€Å"Sweet Nothings† convey the same message of cell phone addiction distracting people from living in the present moment and enjoying their lives. â€Å"Unmasked† depicts parents taking their children trick-or-treating, which would normally be an enjoyable momentRead MoreAddiction For Cell Phone Addiction1293 Words   |  6 PagesCell phone Addiction is a devastating and pervasive issue in the whole world. â€Å"90% of U.S citizens own a cell phone.†(psychguides) Cell phones are majorly improving causing people to enjoy them more which results in them using the cell phone to much. â€Å"67% people admitted to checking their phone even when it didn’t vibrate or ring. â€Å"(Psychguides) This is called phantom vibration syndrome. â€Å"9 out of 10 people have phantom phone syndrome.†(WebMD) I have it and you most likely do too. Some symptomsRead MoreOur Distracted Culture : What Was It?1643 Words   |  7 Pageshaving a tumor called a gadget with apps to play on. Mike Masterson, a columnist for the Arkansas Democrat Gazette, in his editorial essay, â€Å"Our Distracted Culture: What Was That?† directly focuses on how this generation is immensely affected by the growth of technology. Masterson goes into depth on how our culture is addicted to devices, specifically cell phones, that correlates with social media and how it affects relationships and everyday life. He claims, The harsh truth is we Americans haveRead MoreThe Social Impact of Cell Phones Essay1465 Words   |  6 Pagesclosest thing to â€Å"cellular technology† was a car phone made by the ATA Company but, Martin and his determined Motorola group yearned higher heights and deeper depths for communication- and thus the birth of the first cell phone was in process. Cooper wanted to exceed the limitations of just simple â€Å"car conversation†. After consistent tedious hours of production, lasting a several month long period of building, critiquing, and finalizing , the first cell phone was born. The first mobile device was the sizeRead MoreDiscuss the Advantages and Disadvantages of Using the Subjective Test for Criminal Recklessness, as Used in the Case1294 Words   |  6 PagesDiscuss the advantages and disadvantages of using the subjective test for Criminal Recklessness, as used in the case of G and R (2003) This essay will briefly discuss the meaning of criminal recklessness within the criminal law and the types of recklessness, and see what the current law states today. The essay will examine the advantages and disadvantages of using the subjective test (which is currently known today as Cunningham recklessness) regarding criminal recklessness which was used in the

Should The United States Military Leave The Middle East

Should the United States Military Leave the Middle East Jacob Deckard April 9 2015 Mrs. Mcbride Jacob Deckard 9 April 2015 Mrs. Mcbride English IV Research Paper Should the United States Military Leave the Middle East History has proven that the United States military is the best in the world, but many people want our soldiers to come home from the middle east. Yes, this is a very good thing for families, but what would happen over at the middle east. In my personal opinion I think that we should not pull our troops from the Middle East. There are many reasons why I believe it would be a bad idea to pull our troops from the Middle East. First, The Rural economy in the middle east areas where our bases are at would likely be in†¦show more content†¦It was when George H.W. Bush came to office ,and with him another leader stepped to power and wanted to seize more power, Saddam Hussein, Saddam wanted to seize the rest of the middle east for himself. President Bush was against this and pushed U.S. Troops into the middle east and called it Operation Desert Shield. This led to Operation desert storm, and many more wars in the Middle East. Eventually, leading up to what we have today with terro rist groups such as ISIS,Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham, who is the leading terrorism group at the moment. Before ISIS was the al-qaeda terrorist group who caused many of the well known bombings throughout the world such as the Twin towers, USS cole bombing, Istanbul Bombing, and The Battle of Wanat, also known as Black Hawk Down. Many of the United states bases are in or surrounding rural towns and villages of the Middle East. Since these areas are rural they generally do not have good access to medical supplies, transportation, or other needs. These bases not only support local towns , but also they give a source of protection to the civilians. If the military left the middle east there could be a lot of consequences for these civilians. There are many possibilities that could happen to these civilians such as, getting forced in ISIS, loss of steady income, no medicinal support, and no clean water source. If these outcomes were to happen it would cause a great many of deaths among the Middle Eastern Rural

My Trip Free Essays

If I have a lot of money, I will spend it by travelling around the world in 10 days with my friends. The country that I plan visit is Australia,Japan,Canada, Singapore. The purpose of this trip is to enjoy and relax our mind. We will write a custom essay sample on My Trip or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first day,I wake up at 7 o’clock in the morning and meet my friend at the KLIA at 8 o’clock. Our flight will be depart at 11 o’clock. We took the plane for 9 hour and finally arrive at the Melbourne Airport, Australia at midnight. After that we search for the hotel that we have booked named Melbourne Hotel get some rest for the day. The next day we will go to state capital of New South Wales, Sydney. One of the famous place you have to visit in Sydney is the Sydney Opera House. There they got 1000 rooms, 300 corridors and hundreds of tales and secrets. The next day we’ll go to the Art Gallery of New South Wales. the Gallery is one of Australia’s leading museums of art and a Sydney institution, with five levels presenting a diverse range of art. And that’s the end of the second day. The third day, we’ll take flight from Australia to Japan also for 9 hours. There we arrive at the Haneda Airport,Japan. After that we stayed at Hotel Metropolitan Tokyo. The third day, we’ll go to the Japan’s communications and observation tower,Tokyo Tower. The tower acts as a support structure for an antenna. Originally intended for television broadcasting, radio antennas were installed in 1961, but the tower is now used to broadcast signals for Japanese media outlets. The next day, we go to the Kaminari Gate in Asakusa, Tokyo. The Kaminari Gate was first built in 941 by Taira no Kinmasa a military commander. 2] It was originally located near Komagata, but it was reconstructed in its current location in 1635. The fifth day, we go to the Shinjuku for shopping because the Shinjuku is the center of this large district home to many malls, stores, restaurants. The sixth day, we’ll take flight from Japan to Canada for 10 hours and 50 mins. We arrive at the Montreal-Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport, Canada. We stayed at the Le Petit Hotel, Motreal and rest for the day. The next day, we’ll go to the Basilique Notre-Dame. This Catholic church has a stunning medieval-style interior that features walnut-wood arvings, exquisite stained-glass windows, 24-carat gold stars in a vaulted blue ceiling, as well as one of the largest Casavant organs in North America. The next day, we’ll go to the Mont (Mount) Royal. This 764-foot mountain provides excellent view of the city and is a popular recreation spot. The ninth day, we’ll take flight to Canada to Singapore about 16 hours and 30 mins. We stayed at the Marina Bay Sands. The next day we go to the Merlion Park. Merlion is a mythical creature with the head of a lion and the body of a fish, used as a mascot and national personification of Singapore. And the next day me go back to Malaysia How to cite My Trip, Papers

Managing Supply Chain of Nokia

History and Background of the Company Nokia Corporation is a Finland based company that primarily deals with the manufacture of mobile telephones. The company’s brand product is the Nokia phones. The success of the Nokia Company is largely attributed to its best management in supply chain practices.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Supply Chain of Nokia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This project will tend to analyze the supply-chain management practices at the Nokia Corporation. It gives a vivid description of how the company is enhancing its efficiency in a supply chain so as to counteract the impact of reduced market demand of mobile phone handsets. Nokia is the number one producer of mobile phone devices in the world, and its supply chain has been rated as number six in the ranking of world’s top 25 companies in the world in terms of their supply chain. Nokia Company was founded in 186 5 as a paper milling plant, and it was until 1982 that it began producing mobile phones. Nokia Corporation has 15 mobile manufacturing plants that are spread in nine countries. Their plants are found in the following countries: Brazil, Romania, South Korea, Finland, China India, Mexico, Hungary and Great Britain. Its mother depot is located in Gurgaon. The mother company provides help in the selection of market partners like distributors and dealers; it also provides monetary privileges to its priority dealers in order to assist in promotion of the Nokia products on a larger scale (Scribd, 2011). Supply-chain management is defined as the totality of all activities that are involved in the delivery of company products to the customer. This process involves the sourcing of raw materials, assembling of the raw materials to form the finished products, warehousing, distribution and delivery of the final product. Nokia operates two business groups, Nokia mobile phones and Nokia networks. The company provides wireless communication products and services. Nokia supplies equipment and communication services all over the globe. Nokia is considered as a leading international communication company which focuses its operations on wireless and wire line telecommunication areas (Shah 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is the pioneer of digital technology and wireless data communications network; its innovativeness enhances its competitiveness and telecommunication network growth. Nokia is listed in four stock exchange markets (Nokia Website, 2011). Overview of its Supply Chain Supply chain of an organization is the system of all the activities and resources that are involved in transferring a product from the supplier to the consumers, it is the transformation of the raw materials and the components into finished goods, which are ready for use by the customer. Market analysts associate the success of the Nokia Corporation to its best supply chain practices. The supply chain of Nokia Corporation is an integrated one with â€Å"intertwined suppliers, manufacturing plants, contract manufacturers, sales and logistics service providers and the ultimate consumers† (Kalra, 2011, p. 3). The company has entered into a relationship with its suppliers while supporting them in their processes. Nokia has been in a better position to keep the prices of its products low due to its efficient manufacturing system and production processes. Nokia Corporation has adopted a hybrid system of manufacturing, which is a combination of both in-house and outsourcing manufacturing. To enhance its competitiveness, the company has incorporated smart manufacturing techniques in its manufacturing facilities. The company’s distribution network is wide, and this has enhanced its ability to reach the majority of its consumers. Nokia stands far much ahead whe n compared with other companies, particularly in regional outsourcing and its unique feature of collaborating with the suppliers to form an organized design of the supply chain (Cavinato, Flynn, Kauffman, 2006). Nokia has a complex supply chain which has the capacity to handle approximately 100 billion components, together with sixty strategic suppliers and ten manufacturing plants globally. Nokia Corporation established its supply-chain management (SCM) transformation in the year 1995, and it was aimed at replacing its inventory with information, which could create a pull driven supply chain that was integrated to link the suppliers, production plants, telecommunication operators, distribution partners, sales offices, financial institutions, contract manufacturer logistics providers and ultimately, the consumers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Supply Chain of Nokia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Th is was aimed at creating an efficient network of supply that can provide solutions to customer expectations (Nokia Website, 2011). The secret to the success of Nokia Corporation lies in its creation of value-oriented partnership with the suppliers, which is guided by true information, trust and better leadership, which are realized through its principle of collaboration. Nokia has suppliers all over the world and its base suppliers are in countries like Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Italy, Japan, Morocco and Canada among other many more countries. Nokia embraces supplier diversity, which ranks top on its corporate responsibility. The company only spends on those suppliers who can contribute to the economic prosperity of the company. The company has developed its set of Nokia Supplier requirements that encompass environmental and social demands and are based on international standards (Kalra, 2011). Supply chain is an important operation area for Nokia. It is considered as an instrument towards the realization of the competitive nature of the company. Nokia places emphasis on the efficiency of the demand and the supply network which may be significant in the achievement of ever increasing demand for the Nokia products. Proximity of cooperation between the customers and the suppliers is a central organ of its development principles. Cooperation also promotes diversity in the supply chain (Burt, Petcavage Pinkerton, 2010). Organizational Structure The organizational structure of Nokia is that of four business groups and two horizontal groups. In this kind of organizational structure, the four business groups are: mobile phones, multimedia, enterprise solutions and its networks while the two horizontal groups are customer and market operations and the technological platform. This organizational structure is illustrated by the diagram below.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More (Nokia Website, 2011) Overview of new-product development Process The development of new Nokia product in the market can be demonstrated in the following stages: In Nokia Corporation, it is believed that the life cycle of a market product is two years after which another product is originated and hence the development of a new product is carried out concurrently with the research and the design of the new product. Stage one: generation of the idea; the idea may be from internal or external source. Internal ideas may emanate from the research and development department, while the external sources of ideas may originate from competitors, customers suppliers or distributors. Stage two: screening of the idea; in every preceding stage in product development, the price may be high, and it is therefore imperative that any idea that is poor should be eliminated. It is at this stage that all the ideas are evaluated to allow for elimination of unworthy ones. Stage three: generation and testi ng of the concept; concept development enhances the creation of the exact version of the idea as explained in meaningful terms. It is at this stage that the consumers are asked to evaluate the concept. Stage four: marketing strategy; this stage involves mapping out the target market as well as positioning the product in readiness for the market. Consequently, the price of the product, distribution strategy and marketing is mapped out at this stage. All analysis regarding the product is undertaken at this stage. Stage five: business analysis; at this stage, the sales, costs and the projection of profit are analyzed. Stage six: product development. The typical development of the product and its testing are done at this stage. Stage seven: marketing test; three market tests are undertaken at this stage. These are: standard test marketing, simulation marketing and the controlled test markets. Stage eight: commercialization; this stage involves the presentation of the product into the ma rket (Scribd, 2011). Nokia Corporation places a lot of interest on the transformation aspect of its production. The Corporation emphasizes on the production of new and diverse products so as to make them competitive in the market. There are circumstances where a phone can be available in more than 170 different kinds. The operations’ philosophy that has supported the complex nature of its production is to think locally and acts globally, which implies that the company balances localized decision-making with its objective of global planning. How the Organization Manages Quality of its Products Quality is at the heart of Nokia products. It is their objective to provide quality products for its customers. Quality brand is a characteristic of the products and services of Nokia Corporation. Nokia Company is linked with the passion for the pursuit of constant improvement to an extent that it will exceed the expectations of the customers. Since Nokia is a leading telecommunication c ompany in the globe, it is necessary that high-quality standards should be upheld in all aspects of its operations. Nokia has the desire to achieve quality in the following fields: customer services to enhance customer loyalty, products through constant innovation and improvement and quality in its operations by ensuring effectiveness and efficiency in its management. Analysis of when and how the company can determine whether to outsource or make product in-house As a global company, Nokia sources materials and components as well as services from all over the world. Its sourcing can be classified into two, namely, direct and indirect sourcing. Outsourcing is considered as one way of reducing costs while enhancing performance. A company can only outsource that service which is not central to the business of the corporation. Direct sourcing: this is responsible for the material supply of Nokia’s products; these may include the components, product parts, packaging and software a s well as research and development of new products. Indirect sourcing: this is responsible for the capital equipments like furniture and computer. It also encompasses the sourcing of catering and consultancy services. To be competitive in the market and for profitability, Nokia outsourced its IT services to Capgemini, which is an IT consultant firm of France origin. Outsourcing is necessary to enable the company focus on the supply chain as well as the need to address market efficiency, which has the potential of saving costs and transforming the production process in the chain of supply. Consequently, the company has also outsourced the production of Symbian software development to a company called Accenture, as part of the deal, Nokia was to transfer 2, 800 of its workers to Accenture. Accenture was to provide software services to Nokia operations in Britain, US, India, China and Finland. In this scenario, outsourcing was necessary since it was used as a measure to minimize the la bor force and costs to be able to remain competitive in the market and to catch up with its rivals like Smartphone manufacturers. How the Organization deals with Issues of Contract Under its contract with Capgemini, the IT firm was to provide management services like the delivery of goods and making of customer order management as well as invoicing. In this contract, matters facing customers are not entered or covered in the contract. Matters of contract are listed in the supplier requirements. It is therefore, the duty of the suppliers to best decide whether they can meet the demands and the terms of the contract. When Nokia enters into a contract with suppliers, the following issues are put into consideration; what they are supplying, what they require in order to supply, how long the suppliers will be obligated to supply, their price of supplying it and what they will be held liable in case things do not flow as expected. All the above factors will define how the supplier will ha ndle the commercial agreement and how business will be consulted under the agreement. It will also make it easy for the supplier to operate under the terms of the agreement. With regards to Nokia’s contract with the customers, the customer would want to be guaranteed of the flexibility of the product to be supplied and the price to be paid for the product. A short-term of Nokia’s contract with the customers is the bonus factor. Generally, confidentiality is important in contract negotiations and there is also need for boiler plate clauses in the contract. Production and Inventory Control Measures When compared with its competitors, Nokia utilizes the life cycle concept of the production process. This involves the manufacturing of mobile phones in two main phases; first is the building of the innards of the phone while the second stage is labeled as fast turnaround, and it is referred as the assembly to order. Nokia Company has almost ten production units with high prod uctivity and a big production capacity. These units are only in those countries that Nokia has operations. Consequently, Nokia has a better production technology savvy which can produce the products at an amazing speed as well as sustaining mass production. Nokia Company enjoys very big economies of scale. It is estimated that it averages at $88 making a phone and $129 retailing it; this is an indication that Nokia’s gross profit margin is very high. The production department of the Nokia Corporation is a central competency of the Company. The company has the potential and the capacity to meet the increasing market demands for mobile phones while enjoying economies of scale because of the massive production of mobile phones. It is the production technology that is utilized by the company that makes it rank as the best and the largest mobile manufacturing in the world. Nokia Corporation is the leading mobile phones’ manufacturer in the market based on its volume of sale s and the quality of its products. This is due to its ability to select best suppliers in the market and also its large production capacity. Nokia Corporation has one of the best and wide networks of product distribution, which stems from the village market to the remotest parts of the globe where they have stalls to the most advanced markets in Europe and America where they have concept stores. Joint ventures and cooperation with the supplier has enabled Nokia to utilize its inventory levels. Nokia suppliers who are at times contracted to be Nokia partners take part in the product-development process to satisfy the demands for the future production. The effective and efficient management of inventory in the Nokia Company is backed up by diversification of supplier location. Consequently, Nokia built its inventory based on demand but there is always minimum levels inventory that should be kept constant. Relationship between Demand, Supply and Logistics in the Organization Though it is necessary to match supply and demand in every organization, there are often some difficulties that are encountered in the efforts to match demand and supply. This may include the uncertainties in demand and supply, variations in consumer requirements and the fragmentation of the supply chain. Logistics is understood as the flow of materials, money and information from the suppliers to the consumers while demand, on the other hand, is defined as the flow of operations from the supplier to the manufacturers’ locations and finally to the consumers. The logistics costs that are attached to the demand supply include the freight costs, warehousing and the interest rates levied. It is the responsibility of the logistics to find the cheapest and most affordable way of producing a product and the best method of reaching to the consumers. The logistics department must establish the most economical element of supply (Scribd, 2011). Conclusion The shortening of the product life-cycle poses problems to the development of a new product by Nokia. Several companies no longer comply with the demand that a product should undergo all the stages from design to launch for it to be made available to the market. This has, however, facilitated faster and active procurement in companies. Nokia Corporation acknowledges the importance of outsourcing to realize high profitability. Consequently, the company requires its sub-contractors and suppliers to adhere to the stipulated terms of contract to prevent unnecessary legal complications, which might spoil the reputation of the company. Like any other company, Nokia has suppliers from all corners of the world, and it is the duty of the company to define its requirements for suppliers in wherever they are situated. To ensure efficient and reliable product supply, Nokia has devised a Nokia Supplier Requirements (NSR) that its suppliers must subscribe and comply with. Nokia stresses the need for openness and trust in its transaction s with the suppliers; it is thus two phrases that drive compliance and improvements of performance. This can be assessed through supplier assessments by the company. To enhance supplier confidence and reliability, Nokia undertakes supplier training, which makes it a unique company in the globe. References Burt, D. N., Petcavage, S. D., Pinkerton, R. L. (2010). Supply management (8th Ed.). New York, NY: McGraw†Hill. Cavinato, J.L., Flynn, A.E. Kauffman, R.G. (2006). The supply management handbook. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Professional. Kalra, D. (2011). Global supply-chain management of Nokia. Slide Share net. Web. Nokia Website. (2011). Supply chain. Nokia Corporation. Web. Scribd. (2011). Supply-chain management in Nokia. Web. Shah, J. (2009). Supply-chain management: texts and cases. India: Pearson Education. This essay on Managing Supply Chain of Nokia was written and submitted by user Gianna Jennings to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Leadership, power, influence, director- it can defined in many ways The WritePass Journal

Leadership, power, influence, director- it can defined in many ways Introduction Leadership, power, influence, director- it can defined in many ways IntroductionConclusionRelated Introduction Leadership, power, influence, director- it can defined in many ways, but most commonly Leader is a person who influences the thoughts and behaviors of others; a leader is one who establishes the direction for others to willingly follow. One person can serve as a leader or several persons might share leadership. A person may be appointed as leader or may be elected by people within his circle. Leaders play vital role in standardizing performance. Leaders can influence other to perform beyond the expectations. Managers plan, organize, lead and control so that â€Å"leading† and â€Å"managing† are inseparable, they are both integral part of each other. If one do not able to influence and inspire others to work willingly towards aims then all planning and organizing will be ineffective. Similarly setting direction is usually not enough, no matter how inspiring one can be, management skills are crucial. Leaders will simultaneously fill many roles interacting, motivating group members, solving conflicts as they arise. Leaders set vision, strategies, goals, and values in order to guide for desired action and behavior. Leaders are characterized by certain traits which distinguish leaders from non-leaders includes Drive, desire to lead, honesty, cognitive ability, self-confidence and knowledge. Effective leaders must have two major qualities: knowledge and communication competence. Leader needs knowledge of issue and the ways of effectively leading a team. This knowledge will enable leader to identify alternatives available. He also needs to be an effective communicator as equally listener and speaker. Leaders should acquire qualities of flexible, openness, empathetic, courage, interactive, and positive attitude. An effective leader generally values people, listen actively, gives credit to others, have consistent behaviors, admits mistakes, have a sense of humor and above all they set a good example for their followers. I have been working in refractory company called Magnezit in Russia. Magnezit LTD Company is one of the biggest Company in Europe which mine the product called magnezit. There I have developed three major departments of Production, Finance and Marketing. I have developed a seven-member team, which is headed by me. We usually came across discussing major issue related to finance, production and marketing. We made plans, had discussions, and generate ideas. My job out there was to design the agenda, set priorities, follow-up the discussions, and made our session meaningful. At the same time I performed simultaneously role of interacting, motivating group members, solving conflicts as they arise. During our sessions we set vision, developed strategies, and evaluated our past perf ormance in order to guide ourselves for desired action and behavior. Being a leader of the firm I had dual responsibilities to organize and develop a culture of selflessness. A failure of my team member was the failure of me. I had to do my work selflessly and biggest challenge for me was to get my team members also work selflessly for our firm. Each of our team members felt as he/she was the owner of the firm and we did our work for firm success, we should not to stick it for earning livelihood. That was the most admiring change, which I strove to bring about. The hardest job for me was to set myself as an example for my all fellows. I am not a leader based on how well I work with others or how admired I am. I am a leader based on my actions and how I affect the world around me. I try to never stray from this design because being a positive role model and doing the right thing is the best way to live your life. Being a leader is much more than just being the guy or girl with the ideas or plans. Being a leader is something much more than being the person with their act together and knowing what to do at a moment’s notice. â€Å"Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things.† By doing the right things I live my life as truthfully as I can. I keep my mind on the things that matter most to me: university, family, sport, my future and all the things that make me who I am as an individual. Conclusion All such exercises have made me able to actively contribute towards Master of Science in Management program. MSM program will provide me an opportunity to further develop a broader understanding of management/leadership and enhancing my analytical skills. This program will also provide me with the hands-on study and learn from varied backgrounds. My prior leadership experience will provide me a feedback while attending MSM program. This will provide me an opportunity to share my experiences with others. Also this program will enhance my leadership traits and enable me to learn and develop my capabilities as becoming successful leader. Moreover, it will improve my communication skills and gain more knowledge through the experiences of group members. These learning will help me to improve my attitude and behavior that would be helpful in my leadership career. I am fully confident that MSM program has the potential to make me able to achieve my challenge to bring an organizational cultu re of selflessness.

Dates in June for Science, Trademarks and Inventors

Dates in June for Science, Trademarks and Inventors In the world of science, there are dates in June that are standouts for invention, patents, trademarks and a variety of achievements. Also worthy of mention are the birthdays of the men and women who made these innovations possible. For example, in 1895, the gasoline-powered automobile was patented in June. Also in June, a few years earlier (1887), the Coca-Cola bottle label was trademarked. A famous birthday, long ago, on June 7, 1502, was Pope Gregory XIII, who invented the Gregorian calendar in 1582, which is the same calendar in use today. Significant Happenings in June in the World of Science and Invention The following table outlines the dates of significant scientific events and inventor birthdays: Date Event Birthday June 1 1869Thomas Edison obtained a patent for an electrographic vote recorder 1826Carl Bechstein, German piano manufacturer, who invented improvements to pianos1866Charles Davenport, American biologist who pioneered new standards of taxonomy1907Frank Whittle, English aviation inventor of a jet engine1917William Standish Knowles, American chemist who developed pharmaceutical compounds (Nobel Prize, 2001)1957Jeff Hawkins, American who invented the Palm Pilot and Treo June 2 19062,ure a Grand Old Flag by George M. Cohan was trademark registered1857James Gibbs patented the first chain-stitch single-thread sewing machine 1758Cornelis Rudolphus Theodorus Krayenhoff, Dutch physicist, hydraulic engineer, cartographer and fortress architect June 3 1969New York Rangers was trademark registered1934Dr. Frederick Banting, the coinventor of insulin, was knighted 1761Henry Shrapnel, English inventor of shrapnel1904Charles Richard Drew, pioneer of blood plasma research1947John Dykstra, pioneer in the development of computers in filmmaking for special effects June 4 1963Patent No. 3,091,888 was granted to 6-year-old Robert Patch for a toy truck 1801James Pennethorne, architect who designed Kennington Park and Victoria Park in London1877Heinrich Wieland, German chemist, who researched bile acids; made the first synthesis of Adamsite; and isolated the toxin alpha-amanitin, the principal active agent of one of the worlds most poisonous mushrooms (Nobel Prize, 1927)1910Christopher Cockerell invented the Hovercraft June 5 1984Safety cap for a medicine bottle patented by Ronald Kay 1718Thomas Chippendale, English furniture maker1760Johan Gadolin, Finnish chemist who discovered yttrium1819John Couch Adams, English astronomer who codiscovered Neptune1862Allvar Gullstrand, Swedish ophthalmologist, who researched the refractive properties of the eye to focus images (astigmatism), and invented an improved ophthalmoscope and corrective lenses for use after removal of a cataract (Nobel Prize, 1911)1907Rudolf Peierls, physicist with a major role in Britains nuclear program, who coauthored the Frisch-Peierls memorandum, the first paper on constructing an atomic bomb from a small amount of fissionable uranium-2351915Lancelot Ware founded Mensa1944Whitfield Diffie, American cryptographer, was a pioneer of public-key cryptography June 6 1887J.S. Pembertons Coca-Cola label was trademark registered 1436Johannes Muller, astronomer who invented astronomical tables1850Karl Ferdinand Braun, German scientist who invented the first oscilloscope, known as the Braun tube, and invented a form of wireless telegraphy (Nobel Prize, 1909)1875Walter Percy Chrysler, car manufacturer who founded Chrysler Corporation in 19251886Paul Dudley White, heart specialist who was the father of preventive cardiology1933Heinrich Rohrer, Swiss physicist who co-invented the scanning tunneling microscope in 1981, providing the first images of individual atoms on the surfaces of materials (Nobel Prize, 1986) June 7 1946Eensie Weensie Spider by Yola De Meglio was copyright registered1953The first color network telecast in compatible color was broadcast from a station in Boston 1502Pope Gregory XIII invented the Gregorian calendar in 15821811James Young Simpson, Scottish obstetrician who discovered the anesthetic properties of chloroform, and successfully introduced chloroform into general medical use1843Susan Elizabeth Blow, American educator who invented kindergarten1886Henri Coanda, Romanian inventor and aviation scientist who designed early jet engines1896Robert Mulliken, American chemist and physicist, who was behind the early development of molecular orbital theory (Nobel Prize, 1966)1925Camille Flammarion, French astronomer and writer, was the first to suggest the names Triton and Amalthea for the moons of Neptune and Jupiter and published the magazine LAstronomie June 8 1869Ives McGaffey patented a carpet sweeping machine, the first patent for a device that cleaned rugs 1625Giovanni Cassini, French astronomer who discovered the moons of Saturn1724 John Smeaton, British engineer who invented the air pump for diving gear1916Francis Crick, British molecular biologist, physicist and neuroscientist, who co-discovered DNA structure and had a crucial role in research related to revealing the genetic code, and who also attempted to advance the scientific study of human consciousness with theoretical neurobiology (Nobel Prize, 1962)1955Tim Berners-Lee, computer pioneer who lead the development of the World Wide Web, HTML (used to create web pages), HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) and URLs (Universal Resource Locators) June 9 1953Patent No. 2,641,545 was granted to John Kraft for the manufacture of soft surface cured cheese 1781George Stephenson, English inventor of the first steam locomotive engine for railroads1812Hermann von Fehling, German chemist who invented Fehlings solution used for estimation of sugar1812Johann G. Galle, German astronomer who discovered Neptune1875Henry Dale, British physiologist who identified acetylcholine as a possible neurotransmitter (Nobel Prize, 1936)1892Helena Rubinstein, invented different cosmetics and founded the Helena Rubinstein Company1900Fred Waring, American inventor of the Waring Blender1915Les Paul, American inventor who invented the Les Paul electric guitar, sound-on-sound, the eight-track recorder, overdubbing, the electronic reverb effect and multitrack tape recording. June 10 1952The polyester film Mylar was trademark registered1902A patent for the window envelope for letters was granted to H.F. Callahan 1706John Dollond, English optician and inventor who was granted the first patent for an achromatic lens1832Nicolaus Otto, German automobile designer who invented an effective gas motor engine and the first practical four-stroke internal combustion engine, called the Otto Cycle Engine1908Ernst Chain, German chemist and bacteriologist who invented a manufacturing process for Penicillin G Procaine and made it available as medication (Nobel Prize, 1945)1913Wilbur Cohen was the first hired employee of the Social Security System June 11 1895Charles Duryea patented a gasoline-powered automobile 1842Carl von Linde, German engineer and physicist who wrote the Linde-process1867Charles Fabry, scientist who discovered the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere1886David Steinman, American engineer and bridge designer who built the Hudson and Triborough bridges1910Jacques-Yves Cousteau, French oceanic explorer who invented diving gear June 12 1928The brightly colored, candy-coated, licorice candy, Good and Plenty was trademark registered 1843David Gill, Scottish astronomer known for research on measuring astronomical distances, astrophotography, and geodesy1851Oliver Joseph Lodge, English radio pioneer who invented spark plugs June 13 1944Patent No. 2,351,004 was granted to Marvin Camras for the magnetic tape recorder 1773Thomas Young, British philologist and physician who established the wave theory of light1831James Clerk Maxwell, Scottish physicist who discovered the electromagnetic field1854Charles Algernon Parsons, British inventor of the steam turbine1938Peter Michael, English electronic manufacturer and founder of Quantel, who invented hardware and software packages for video production, including UEI and Paintbox June 14 1927George Washington Carver received a patent for a process of producing paints and stains 1736Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, French physicist who wrote Coulombs Law and invented the torsion balance1868Karl Landsteiner, Austrian immunologist and pathologist who invented the modern system of classification of blood groups (Nobel Prize, 1930)1912E. Cuyler Hammond, scientist who was the first to prove that smoking causes lung cancer1925David Bache, English car designer who invented the Land Rover and Series II Land Rover1949Bob Frankston, computer programmer and inventor of VisiCalc June 15 1844Charles Goodyear was granted patent No. 3,633 for vulcanized rubber 1932Einar Enevoldson, American test pilot for NASA June 16 1980The Supreme Court declared in Diamond v. Chakrabarty that living organisms are products of human ingenuity are patentable 1896Jean Peugeot, French auto manufacturer who invented Peugeot automobiles1899Nelson Doubleday, American publisher who was the founder of Doubleday Books1902Barbara McClintock, American cytogeneticist, who lead in the development of maize cytogenetics (Nobel Prize 1983)1902George Gaylord Simpson, American paleontologist and expert on extinct mammals and their intercontinental migrations1910Richard Maling Barrer, chemist and the founding father of zeolite chemistry June 17 1980Ataris Asteroids and Lunar Lander are the first two video games to be copyright registered 1832William Crookes, English chemist and physicist who invented the Crookes tube and discovered thallium1867John Robert Gregg, Irish inventor of shorthand1870George Cormack, inventor of Wheaties cereal1907Charles Eames, American furniture and industrial designer1943Burt Rutan, American aerospace engineer who invented the light, strong, unusual-looking, energy-efficient Voyager aircraft, the first plane to fly around the world without stopping or refueling June 18 1935Rolls-Royce was trademark registered 1799Prosper Meniere, French ear doctor who identified Meniere Syndrome1799William Lassell, astronomer who discovered the moons of Uranus and Neptune1944Paul Lansky, American electronic-music composer and a pioneer in the development of computer music languages for algorithmic composition June 19 1900Michael Pupin granted a patent for long-distance telephony1940Brenda Starr, the first cartoon strip by a woman, appeared in a Chicago newspaper 1623 Blaise Pascal, French mathematician and physicist who invented an early calculator1922Aage Neals Bohr, Danish physicist who researched the atomic nucleus (Nobel Prize, 1975) June 20 1840Samuel Morse was granted a patent for telegraphy signals 1894Lloyd Augustus Hall, American food chemist who invented food preservation methods June 21 1834Cyrus McCormick of Virginia patented the reaper for the cultivation of grain 1876Willem Hendrik Keesom, Dutch physicist who was the first person to freeze helium gas into a solid1891Pier Luigi Nervi, Italian architect who designed the Nuove Struttura1955Tim Bray, Canadian inventor and software developer who wrote Bonnie, a Unix file system benchmarking tool; Lark, the first XML Processor; and APE, the Atom Protocol Exerciser June 22 1954The antacid Rolaids was trademark registered1847The donut was invented 1701Nikolaj Eigtved, Danish architect who built Christiansborg Castle1864Hermann Minkowski, German mathematician who created a geometry of numbers, and who used geometrical methods to solve difficult problems in number theory, mathematical physics and the theory of relativity1887Julian S. Huxley, English biologist who was a proponent of natural selection, the first director of UNESCO, and a founding member of the World Wildlife Fund1910Konrad Zuse, German civil engineer and computer pioneer who invented the first freely programmable computer June 23 1964Arthur Melin was granted a patent for his Hula-Hoop 1848Antoine Joseph Sax, Belgian inventor of the saxophone1894Alfred Kinsey, entomologist and sexologist, who wrote the famous Kinsey Report on American Sexuality1902Howard Engstrom, American computer designer who promoted the use of the UNIVAC computer1912Alan Turing, mathematician and computer theory pioneer, who invented the Turing Machine1943Vinton Cerf, American inventor of internet protocol June 24 1873Mark Twain patented a scrapbook1963The first demonstration of a home video recorder took place at BBC Studios in London, England 1771E.I. du Pont, French chemist and industrialist, who founded the gunpowder manufacturing company E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, now just called Du Pont1883Victor Francis Hess, American physicist who discovered cosmic rays (1936, Nobel Prize)1888Gerrit T. Rietveld, Dutch architect who built Juliana Hall and Sonsbeek Pavillion1909William Penney, British physicist who invented the first British atom bomb1915Fred Hoyle, cosmologist who proposed steady-state universe theory1927Martin Lewis Perl, American physicist who discovered the tau lepton (Nobel Prize, 1995) June 25 1929A patent was granted to G.L. Pierce for a basketball 1864Walther Hermann Nernst, German physical chemist and physicist who is known for his theories behind the calculation of chemical affinity as embodied in the third law of thermodynamics, and for developing the Nernst equation (Nobel Prize, 1920)1894Hermann Oberth, German rocket scientist who invented the V2 rocket1907J. Hans D. Jensen, German physicist who discovered the atomic nucleus (Nobel Prize, 1963)1911William Howard Stein, American biochemist who was known for his work on ribonuclease and for his contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the ribonuclease molecule (Nobel Prize, 1972)1925Robert Venturi, American modern architect who built the Sainsbury Wing of the National Gallery, Wu Hall at Princeton and the Seattle Art Museum June 26 1951The childrens game Candy Land was trademark registered. 1730Charles Joseph Messier, astronomer who catalogued M objects1824William Thomson Kelvin, British physicist who invented the Kelvin scale1898Willy Messerschmitt, German aircraft designer and manufacturer who invented the Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter plane, the most important fighter in the German Luftwaffe1902William Lear, engineer and manufacturer, who invented jets and eight-track tape, and founded the Lear Jet company1913Maurice Wilkes invented the stored program concept for computers June 27 1929The first color television was demonstrated in New York City1967Baltimore Orioles and NY Jets trademarks were registered1967The name Kmart was trademark registered 1880 Helen Keller was the first deaf and blind person to earn a bachelor of arts degree June 28 1917Raggedy Ann doll was invented1956First atomic reactor built for private research starts operations in Chicago 1824Paul Broca, French brain surgeon, the first person to locate the speech center of the brain1825Richard ACE Erlenmeyer, German chemist, who invented the conical Erlenmeyer flask in 1961, discovered and synthesized several organic compounds, and formulated the Erlenmeyer rule1906Maria Goeppert Mayer, American atomic physicist, who proposed the nuclear shell model of the atomic nucleus (Nobel Prize, 1963)1912Carl F. von Weiszacker, German physicist, who performed nuclear research in Germany during WWII1928John Stewart Bell, Irish physicist who wrote Bells Theorem June 29 1915Juicy Fruit chewing gum was trademark registered 1858George Washington Goethals, civil engineer who built the Panama Canal1861William James Mayo, American surgeon who started the Mayo Clinic1911Klaus Fuchs, German nuclear physicist who worked on the Manhattan Project and was arrested for being a spy June 30 1896William Hadaway was issued a patent for the electric stove 1791Felix Savart, French surgeon and physicist who formulated the Biot-Savart Law1926Paul Berg, American biochemist known for his contributions to research in nucleic acids

Improving Interactive Play for students with Autism Essay

Improving Interactive Play for students with Autism - Essay Example The conversation could have been a casual one as the only thing important in these students would have been relating to their initiating powers. This would help to increase the overall initiating power of these students and thus help them to interact with each other easily without any conflict. Lastly the students could have been rewarded in accordance to their particular needs with the things that they desire the most (Mastropieri & Scruggs 2010) After the intervention program the students can be allowed to settle with each other so that they can get to interact amongst each other without anyone prompting or reinforcing them. The students would be put in a friendly environment so that they can easily interact with each other and play accordingly. It is very important for an adult to supervise these students in according to their particular needs. It is very important for the students to be given a chance to interact with each other freely without any particular set of rewards or perks (Mastropieri & Scruggs

Biodiversity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Biodiversity - Research Paper Example The disturbance in the balance is due to the disturbance in the food chain. Like in a forest ecosystem, none of the animal is valueless; lamas, zebras, buffaloes and deer are eaten by tigers, lions, leopards and jaguars. If the ecosystem faces the extinction of the lions, tigers, jaguars or leopards, the number of lamas, zebras, buffaloes and deer increase rapidly and thus there would be low food resources for them and animal will die from diseases, which will make the ecosystem unhealthy. Natural Alteration in the Ecosystem Natural occurrences like earthquakes, droughts, etc have heavy impact on the ecosystems. Natural occurrences can produce alterations to the ecosystem. Like the droughts become a reason for the shortage of food (Shah, 2011). The shortage of food may bring some of the creatures to extinct. However, some of the alterations are good for the environment and some of the alterations are worst in terms of extinctions of some of the creatures. Importance of Biodiversity B iodiversity is often considered to have no linkage with the economic sustainability. However, environmental sustainability is often thought to have a connection with the biodiversity. In fact, biodiversity is connected to economic as well as environmental sustainability (Shah, 2012). It can provide food, water and a healthy atmosphere. A decline in the biodiversity of the planet would bring many problems. Biodiversity, Food Resources and Economics Most of the food resources come from the biological resources. If the biological resources regarding the food become less, then there would be a lot of hunger and disease. In this way, it is almost impossible without the utilization of food resources. The economics of a country are largely linked the production and utilization of the food resources. The more the food resources a country has, the more food there will be to export and earn money, to boost the economy. Results show that forty percent of the world’s economy is dependent on the biological resources. However, paper, textile and timber industry will also remain incomplete without preserving biodiversity. In this way, industrial economy depends much on biodiversity, while tourism increase due to forests and preserved marine life. Biodiversity and Medicine Biodiversity has much importance in terms of medicines, as most of the medicines come from the plant and animal sources. The medicines like coniine, etc, which is utilized in the malarial disease come from the plant. The research and development in the field of medicine is totally incomplete without biological resources. In this way biological resources have much importance in the field of medicines. Biodiversity and Climate Change Climate change is one of the biggest threats to the biodiversity of the planet. Some creatures like coral are much sensitive to the small change in the temperature and a little increase in the temperature could become a cause of the death of coral reefs. Coral are importan t in providing many fish and some other marine creatures a shelter and thus extinction of the coral means the extinction of many other species too (Harris, 2012). However, the protection of the biodiversity can only be a factor in controlling the climate change, as the major

A Factor For Firm Formation Economics Essay

A Factor For Firm Formation Economics Essay Firms are all around us and are the main expressers of economic activity in the modern capitalistic world. We observe firms being created, growing, evolving, expanding into new areas by merging with others but also remaining stable, declining, getting acquired and sometimes declaring bunkruptcy. It is clear that firms activities vary a lot and as a result, multiple studies regarding them have been undertaken during the course of the years. This essays purpose is to address the, perhaps, most important element associated with a firms existence, its formation, and especially the conditions and the reasons under which firms tend to form. But first, in order to be able to explain the circumstances and the factors that lead into the successful formation of a firm, a definition of it will be given. According to Jensen and Meckling, a firm is a legal fiction which serves as a focus for a complex process in which the conflicting objectives of individuals are brought into equilibrium within a framework of contractual relations (1976 p.311). The feature of the firm that makes it unique, though, is its ability to supersede the price mechanism, one of the pylons on which the whole economic theory is based, with decisions taken by the firms agents upon real-life situations and which, in most cases, deviate from what the economic theory through the price mechanism dictates (Coase 1937 p.390). Of major importance in this essay is the attempt to present, describe and evaluate the existence of transaction costs, which is a key aspect of Coases, Arrows Williamsons and Di Maggios analyses of the reasons why firms are formed. However, although it is crucial in understanding the genesis of a firm and its explanatory capability is invaluable, economising on transaction costs theory does not provide a sole explanation of it and other factors must be taken into account in order for us to have a clearer picture of the situation. The purpose and length of the essay does not provide the possibility to elaborate in a thorough and complete way about those factors, but technological advances and entrepreneurial spirit and creativity will be outlined and briefly explained. Moreover, for a successful firm creation to take place, there are many conditions that need to hold true, some of which will be presented in the following analysis. These are: widely understood rules when it comes to go verning a firm, and analytical planning before the actual formation of the firm. Transaction Costs Theory: Both a condition and a factor for firm formation As argued by the title given above, the transaction costs theory can be seen as both a condition and a factor on which a successful firm formation relies, depending on how the reader perceives the situation. The existence of transaction costs is a condition for firms to arise, but the process by which the economic agents economise on transaction costs is probably the most crucial factor that drives firm formation and that is why it will be analysed separately from the other conditions and factors. The main reason for a firms formation is the cost of using the price mechanism by which the economic system is being run (Coase 1937 p.390; Arrow 1969 p.70). Or, according to Williamson, a firm is the product of a series of organisational innovations that have had the purpose and effect of economising on transaction costs (1981 p.1537). More specifically, organising production through the price mechanism enables an obvious transaction cost of finding out what the current prices of interest are. Even if specialist price finders existed, this type of cost would not be totally eliminated (Coase 1937 p.390). As it can be understood, this more realistic theory contradicts with the theoretical model of the economy, in which there is perfect price information to all agents. But what is understood of transaction costs and what actions do firms take in order to reduce them? Transaction costs are mainly the costs of deciding, haggling, arranging and coordinating actions that constantly take place in the market, as Paul Di Maggio has argued (2001 p.8). Furthermore, they include the creation of contracts for each separate transaction that occurs in the market. As firms are created, these contracts are not eliminated but they are greatly reduced, since the founder-manager of the firm does not have to create contracts for every single transaction in which his/her company participates, as implied by the economic theory. Through this procedure, multiple costs are avoided, because the so called marketing costs are strictly reduced. For example, only one contract per employee is needed, in which the relationship between him and the firm (and its agents) is clearly stated. That will include the amount and the way of payment, the working hours and the certain limits within which the employee will have to obey the employer (Coase 1937 pp.390-393). Further methods that firms use in order to minimise transaction costs are the introduction of repetitive and predictable activities for their employees, by giving duties to them through a clear job description, eliminating the possibility of negotiations about the allocation of tasks. As a result, employers have more time to deal with important issues and decisions concerning the firm. In addition, the fair treatment to employees provided by the firms environment guarantees the reduction of transaction costs, since there is a specified reward-punishment system that everybody abides by, that results to immediate elimination of conflicts (Di Maggio 2001 pp.8-9). Regarding the same topic, Williamson has argued that pre-contract negotiation and task and deliverables specification will reduce the necessity for periodic interventions to check the progress of the contracts execution and its successful comple tion (1981 p.1544). Another crucial question about the transaction costs touches upon the reason of their existence. Related to it are two behavioural assumptions: bounded rationality and opportunism. According to the bounded rationality theory, people are less competent in calculations and are not able to account for every issue that is contract-related and therefore are transaction costs created. Moreover, people are opportunistic and unreliable, because they, many times, act having just their personal interest in mind. Consequently, it is possible that they are going to behave in a non-trustworthy and irresponsible way (Williamson 1981 pp.1544-1546). As it has been presented above, a key factor for a firms formation is the deviation from the economic model that portrays humans as perfectly rational beings that make right choices and have no flaws. As a bottomline, Coases writing about firm growth and expansion should be mentioned, according to which firms grow as their entrepreneurs undertake additional transactions exchange transactions that are co-ordinated through the price mechanism and try to expand until the costs of organising an extra transaction within the firm, equals the cost of carrying out the same transaction by means of an exchange on the open market or the costs of organising in another firm (Coase 1937 p.393, p.395). This is important because we are able to grasp how the second major challenge that firms founders face, the growth of their firm, after, of course, the successful formation of the firm, is illustrated based on the transactions theory described earlier. Conditions under which firms are formed Apart from transaction costs, there are also other conditions that need to hold true in order for a firm to be successfully constituted. A set of widely understood and fairly applied rules is essential, because they deter employees from using firms to seek their personal interest and urge them to contribute to achieve the firms goals. Perhaps the most important rule has to do with the hierarchy of the organisation, that is who gives orders to whom and who has the last call, when decision-making is involved. Secondly, clear admission and promotion criteria need to be established, so that firms transparency is maintained, and lastly routines for the performance of work need to exist, in order for deliverables to be easily checked in terms of integrity. Generally, rules within a firm serve a double role by specifying who does what work and by dictating which behaviours are worth rewarding and which punishing (appraisal punishment system) (Di Maggio 2001 p.8). Of major importance, when it comes to explaining the circumstances under which a firm is brought to life, is the planning that the entrepreneur(s)-founder(s) of the firm has/have to do before he/she/they can actually start building it, since a business plan, according to Delmar and Shane, turns abstract goals into concrete operational steps and therefore is crucial for both a firms existence and success. What is meant with the term business planning is the effort that firm founder(s) need(s) to make so that he/she/they gather(s) the appropriate information about a business opportunity and the action of finding and understanding how this information will be used to give birth to a new organisation that will try and make use of this opportunity (2003 p.1165). Through business planning the founder(s)-manager(s) of the firm is/are going to be able to spot and capitalise in a more efficient and risk-free way on the reduction of transaction costs. Without planning, a firm can not in most c ases fulfill its ultimate goal, survival, and the most sought after one, profit maximisation. Factors that drive firm formation Why is a firm created and what are the key factors that lead to its formation are two closely related questions that will be discussed in this section of the essay. One of these factors is technology and its regime that, according to Shane, includes four dimensions age of technical field, tendency of the market towards segmentation, effectiveness of patents and importance of complementary assets in marketing and distribution which affect the trend for inventions to be exploited through new firms formation (2001 p.1188). This formation is the reaction of potential entrepreneurs when they observe that specific domains of tecnology exploitation are profitable. Concluding, technology is crucial because it has become the main reason for innovation and that is the force that drives firms to the creation of new products, services and processes (Chandler 1959 p.25). Yet another factor that leads to firm formation is the creativity that a person shows, when he/she observes an opportunity to make profits through the creation of a product or provision of some kind of service. This creativity is referred to as entrepreneurship and is associated with spirit, vision and alertness to business opportunities that a person needs to possess (Lee, Florida and Acs 2004 pp.889-890). Whether someone possesses the gift of entrepreneurship or not, is determined by regional variation and characteristics such as population size, industrial structure, human capital capacity and financing availability (Armington and Acs 2002 p.37). A useful claim about entrepreneurship was made by Stuart and Sorenson who argued that firms founding rate is affected by social ties and the entrepreneurs need to reside near resources that they find necessary to mobilise (2003 p.229). Finally Schumpeter, when talking about his concept of creative destruction, he underlined the responsibi lity that independently owned firms bear for reforming or revolutionising, another indicator of the importance of entrepreneurship for firm formation as well as growth (1942 p.132). Conclusion To sum up, although there is no doubt that the firm is an important and complex institution, according to Williamson there seems to be disagreement when it comes to examining the conditions and the reasons that underlie its formation (1981 p.1537). However, much of firms formation literature and analysis relies on the existence of transaction costs and the firms attempts to economise on them. The deviation from the markets theory of organising the economic activity to the firms alternative one, brings upon the two behavioural assumptions bounded rationality and opportunism that introduce reality into the model and cease portraying human beings as perfectly rational. Apart from transaction costs, more conditions and firm formation factors are described in order for the analysis to be more complete within the length limit of this essay. Lastly, since the firms will always be in the centre of the economic activity, and as the state of the world and peoples behaviour change through tim e, it is possible that when similar analyses are to be conducted in the future, new findings regarding the reasons and the conditions under which firms arise, will be discovered that might as well change our perspective.

Bottled Water Essay

A couple of decades ago, people turn to the tap for drinking water. Now, most people, both young and old, drink water from bottles. In fact, the demand for bottled water is so great that it has become a multimillion-peso business in the country today. Why is there a substantial growth in the demand for bottled water? The main reason is the increasing health consciousness of the people. Many people prefer bottled water because they question the cleanliness of tap water. The quality of tap water has been decreasing. To be safe, people choose bottled water to avoid drinking water that may be contaminated with harmful microorganisms. Contaminated water can cause diarrhea and other stomach disorders that kill, like dysentery, gastroenteritis, amoebiasis, cholera, and hepatitis. Mostly, the bottled water that you buy is either mineral water or purified water. Water plants use surface water or ground water as the main raw material. These plants are located in places far from cities and industrial centers to avoid contamination. MINERAL WATER Mineral water comes from mineral springs. It normally contains a high content of mineral salts or gases, and which consequently may have an action on the human body different from that of ordinary water. Mineral waters are usually classified as alkaline, saline, chalybeate (iron-containing), sulfurous, acidulous, and arsenical. Mineral springs are generated deep underground, where, under intense heat and pressure, calcium, iron, potassium, sodium, and other minerals are leached from the surrounding rocks. Mineral water is also called aerated water. (The term â€Å"aerated† means charged with gas.) The most common gases that are in mineral water are carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. GUIDELINES FOR BOTTLED MINERAL WATERS There are strict rules for water to be labeled as mineral water. Genuine mineral water should contain the right percentage of such minerals as manganese, chromium, selenium, zinc, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, and other minerals. In California, United States, to be labeled â€Å"mineral water,† the water must contain 550 parts per million (ppm) of total dissolved solids (TDS). In Europe, mineral water must meet several criteria. One is that the water must flow freely from its source, meaning it may not be pumped or forced from the ground, and the water must be bottled directly at its source. Furthermore, the water’s properties, such as its temperature, mineral balance, and pressure have not varied in ten years. Some better known brands of mineral water in Europe include Evian and Ferrier of France, Ferarrele of Italy, and Apollinaris of Germany. All these conatin 330, 560, 1,400, and 2,250 ppm of TDS, respectively. MEDICINAL EFFECTS OF MINERAL WATER It has long been believed that mineral springs possess great curative powers. In fact, people have used mineral water since ancient times to cure such ailments as rheumatism, skin infections, and poor digestion. Also, many effervescing waters (impregnated with carbon dioxide gas) are used as table beverages and to dilute spirits or wines. Because of the springs’ medicinal effects, medicinal spas have been built around mineral springs. These spas are frequented by people who are hoping that the spring’s waters will relieve them of their ailments, such as gout, liver trouble, indigestion, and rheumatism. DISTILLED WATER Water that is treated by the process of distillation forms distilled water. This substance is purer than the original water because salt and other impurities do not evaporate with the water. Distillation is the principal method for purifying water. In this process, the water is vaporized into steam, the steam is condensed back into liquid water, and the water is collected in a separate container, leaving behind the impurities. Other methods of water purification include chlorine treatment, ozone treatment, ultraviolet decontamination, and oxidation-reduction media. Also, one method of water purification is with the use of iodinated resin. Iodinated resin can destroy even the smallest viruses through electrostatic attraction. Negatively charged contaminants are drawn to the positively charged resin. This ensures contact, no matter how small the microorganisms that might otherwise escape if filters are used. Upon contact, the resin releases sufficient iodine to penetrate and kill the microorganisms. PRODUCING SAFE, PURE WATER One of the most effective methods of producing safe, pure water consists of a three-step process. The first step is the use of sediment filters to remove large particles. The sediment filter acts to screen out suspended matter and can also remove many harmful bacteria and protozoa that may be present in the water. The second step is to purify the water through the use of iodinated resin. This devitalizes even the smallest harmful microorganisms within the water. Biological contaminants could also be removed by exposure to ultraviolet light, killing the microorganisms that may still be in the water. The third step is the use of carbon filters to remove taste- and odor-causing contaminants. The filter’s activated carbon and its ion exchange resin remove unwanted ions and molecules from water, leaving those that make water  pleasant to drink. The activated carbon also initiates a chemical reaction that converts free chlorine, which water utilities put in water to kill germs, into chloride and hydrogen ions, which are safe and taste all right. Other systems in bottling water consist of several steps that utilize both purification and filtration processes. In some systems, water is passed through as many as 16 stages in the whole process. Water is an all-important substance that sustains life here on earth. However, safe, pure water is becoming a rare commodity everywhere. Bottled water, whether mineral or distilled, offers safe drinking water for all of us.

The Impact Of Media On Indigenous Collective Action

One of the most famous images within Canadian history is that of a tense moment between two men facing each other. The image shows a masked armed indigenous man leaning over the smaller soldier before a moment of apparent confrontation. On one level, the image itself is colonial portraying the soldier as keeping the peace against the unknowable â€Å"other.† Thereby in many parts this image misrepresents the complex reality of the situation and the history surrounding the Oka confrontation. But this image represents more then merely the Oka crisis, but rather the often one sided portrayal of Indigenous people within the media. The media has played an important role in shaping perception on Indigenous collective action. But like the photo†¦show more content†¦There are two national media controversies in the summer of 1990. The first involved the controversy surrounding the stopping of the Meech Lake Accord by Elijah Harper who an act of protest initiated a filibuster before the accord’s deadline. The second crisis beginning in July 11, 1990 involving a 78-day armed standoff between the Mohawk nation of Kanesatake, the Quebec provincial police, and the Canadian armed forces near the town of Oka, Quebec which became known as the Oka Crisis. The events began in June 30, 1990 when the municipality of Oka was granted a court injunction to dismantle a peaceful barricade erected by the people of Kanesatake in an effort to defend their sacred lands from further encroachment by non-Native developers. The event and the standoff brought wide spread reactions from across Canada and the world. Despite many facts and details being well known there was a level of ambiguity around the events. For example, few reporters at the time conducted interviews with residents behind the blockade. Therefore the media with its already heightened perception of different indigenous protests along with sensationalism around breakdown of the Meech Lake Accord were on th eir own to shape the way in which the events were perceived and unfolded. The newspapers are the key primary source for information about the Oka Crisis. But by no means does this make these sources transparent, rather newspapers are often bias towards the the main social,Show MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Australian Colonization On Australian Society1709 Words   |  7 Pagescommunities, have been subject to the impact of racism and discrimination on self-identity. Nonetheless, many urban-based Aboriginal people proudly identify with their Aboriginality, asserting their identity. In this case study, I will examine the identity of Aboriginal Australian’s, comparing this construction from the time period of colonisation in Australia to the current time period in Australia. Perhaps the most salient features of this construction are the impact of Australian colonisation, alongRead MoreRacism Is The Burden Of The Indigenous People Of Australia767 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen the burden of the Indigenous people of Australia, since the countries discovered by the British. Indigenous Australians have been subject to policies and laws sort to convert them to integrate into the newly pronounced white country (Finlayson, J Martin, D 2012). Cummings, Fuller and Howard have researched how institutionalized racism has impacted indigenous Australians at a national level. Many inquiries have found status as a cultural and linguistic minority indigenous Australians are discriminatedRead MoreFamily Violence : A Serious Social Problem Essay1575 Words   |  7 Pagesproblem because it has serious impacts on the lives of society members. According to the Public Health Agency of Canada, domestic violence perpetrated against teenagers and adults leads to failure in school, alcohol and drug use, trouble forming relationships and lack of stable employment (The Health and Social Impacts of Family Violence†). All of these outcomes directly affect a community as a whole and makes family violence a social problem that calls for the collective help of society. It is by turningRead MoreRacism and Ethnic Discrimination44667 Words   |  179 PagesGà ³mez, Jefferson Sinclair Bush November 2006 Centro para la Autonomà ­a y Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indà ­genas Center for Indigenous Peoples’ Autonomy and Development Racism and Ethnic Discrimination in Nicaragua November 2006 Contents 1. 2. Introduction Structure of the study 2.1 Scope and methodology 4 7 7 3. Racism and individual and collective human rights 3.1 A note on cultural and ethnic identity 9 11 4. Racism: colonial inheritance 4.1 Nicaragua: multiethnicRead MoreCrowd Psychology1510 Words   |  7 Pagescrowd. Gustav Le Bon (1885) was the first to recognise how an individuals behaviour changes when in a crowd. He proposed the more anonymous the crowd, the greater the threat of extreme action. Le Bon developed the contagion theory, to explain crowd action. He believed that once submerged in a group, a collective mind is put in place of the individuals. Effectively, a single mind is subjected. Le Bon stated that all men are born with general qualities, such as passions and instincts, which becomeRead MoreBook Review: This Changes Everything1681 Words   |  7 Pagesthe book. What is being discussed? Rob Nixon of the New York Times called Naomi Klein’s â€Å"This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. the Climate† â€Å"a book of such ambition and consequence that it is almost unreviewable.[1]† Naomi Klein researches the impact of Climate change and its relationship with free market capitalism. She discusses capitalism as failed economic system. She goes into great depth on the subject of resource extraction, pollution and the events of surrounding the affected communitiesRead MoreSocial Policies And Law, Major Acts And The Discussion Of Working With Adults With Disabilities943 Words   |  4 PagesAct (1998) act as an umbrella of guidance for social workers. This is replicated in the global definition of Social Work, ‘Principles of social justice, human rights, collective responsibility and respect for diversities are central to social work. Underpinned by theories of social work, social sciences, humanities and indigenous knowledge, social work engages people and structures to address life challenges and enhance wellbeing.’ (IFSW, 2014 ) Social Workers (SWs) come across different issues affectingRead MoreThe Apology Of The Stolen Generations1921 Words   |  8 PagesGenerations was delivered by Prime Minister Kevin Rudd in the House of Representatives on the 13th February 2008. The national apology has become a symbol of hope for Indigenous and Torres Strait Islanders. Australia in modern day society are somewhat optimistic for the future of the relationship between both races. Attitudes to Indigenous lives and lifestyles, interactions and attitudes to personal involvement and cultural awareness and pride determines the quality of this relationship. The 2008 governmentRead MoreSocial Movements Can Be Defined As Being A General Organized Group Of People3606 Words   |  15 PagesSocial movements can be defined as being a general organized group of people who are concerned about the same general issues, and take action to affect political and/or cultural change (Staggenborg, 2). As Staggenborg (2) explains, â€Å"m ovements have organized to protect the environment, oppose wars, and advocate the rights of more and more groups, including workers, women, gay men and lesbians, students, disabled people, senior citizens, and many racial and ethnic groups.† Many social movements haveRead MoreThe Theory Of Corporate Social Responsibility7407 Words   |  30 Pagesemployees, environment and local communities). The abovementioned stakeholder theory became central to the theory of corporate social responsibility in many areas, but above all, in the area of environmental protection, where business operations’ impact had the most visible and a relatively easily assessable damage. The environmental direction of CSR will not be discussed in much details here, but will be used throughout this sub-chapter to illustrate the origins of CSR and the underlying concerns